# Insomni'hack 2016 - Pcapbleeding

We got a pcap, the problem was obvious from the challenge name (heartbleed). Given the RSA-2048 pubkey we sought for prime numbers of around 1024 bits in the pcaps, then reconstructed the private key and used it to decrypt the encrypted part of the session, which contained the flag.

### Description

Finally, somebody has read our 2014 log files. We think an attack occurred on our HTTPS server but we don’t know if they succeed in stealing valuable information. Some confidential data pass through this SSL channels so we hope it’s not broken

The Insomni’hack conference and CTF happened last Friday in Geneva, as usual it was a lot of fun. And as usual, Dragon Sector won the CTF, beating a few other world-class teams that made the trip for this on-site jeopardy CTF. About 80 teams registered, and the final ranking looks as follows for the first 25 teams:

There was only one challenge in the crypto category, “pcapbleeding”. With such a name, the vulnerability was obvious: Heartbleed. We were given three files

• attack_log.pcap, a capture of a partial TLS session
• hb_scrt_ch.crt, the certificate of the server
• pcap_flag.pcapng, this one is self-explanatory

I worked on this challenge with my teammate Brecht Wyseur from the duks team. Here’s how we solved it:

Our first step was to look at the certificate and extract its public key.We did this with the command

openssl x509 -in hb_scrt.crt -text


and then manually copied the RSA-2048 modulus, equal to

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


The second step was to recover part of the private key from the network capture, doing first tcpflow -r attack_log.pcap in order to extract the reassembled content of the TCP session. Then the only thing we had to do was to lazily look for a prime number that factored the modulus in this dump, namely in the file 192.168.105.160.00443-192.168.105.001.40572 (obviously, the private key parts needed to be in the data sent from the server to the client). To do this I wrote the following script:

from binascii import hexlify
from pyprimes import isprime
import sys

fn = sys.argv[1]

for i in range(0, len(d) - 128):
nb = bytearray(d[i:i+128])
nb.reverse()
# convert to int
p = int(hexlify(nb), 16)
if not isprime(p):
continue
q = n / p
if q * p == n:
print 'factor found: ', p


which after a few seconds found the prime factor

162800346840897460776468813649884118748559125156676009651818806350253200631182399318398587210444328205266057474343495440234163281091254518673126741452325095375914485073473011961346710968389549502805048181472650809456469931148070907250674606060817482309018037066114703019632076408777754991395159477650420299677


Note the reverse() in the code above, to parse numbers in little-endian rather than big-endian order. We first overlooked this detail and lost almost an hour…

To decrypt the encrypted data, you could just use Wireshark. It takes the private key in PEM format, which in this case yields

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----


I used some script found online to make the conversion. Loading it in Wireshark to decrypt the encrypted capture then directly gave the flag: INS={HB_pr1v4te_key5_le3k}

Written on March 21, 2016